Canada Geese Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Canada Geese - Research Paper Example s an aspect of how organisms relate to their environment and the adaptive features that are common among a certain population that makes them fit for a certain ecological area. This paper is going to discuss biological aspects with emphasis put on the Canada geese such as the habitats, reproduction, range, adaptations and ecology. Canada geese are water birds with big bodies, long neck, large and webbed feet, brown back and a tan breast. In addition, these birds have a black head, a chinstrap and white cheeks. These living organisms are characterized by their movements in flocks or in pairs. A habitat is basically an ecological area that is home to a certain species of living organisms. However, it is important to note that a habitat is not limited to geographical areas only, in the case of parasites such as viruses, the host is the habitat. A habitat is composed of both biological and physical factors. Biological factors include: predators, for instance a certain species might be forced to change its habitat due to the invasion of predators which could be threatening its extinction. For example, an increase in population of lions in a certain locality is a threat to the antelope population. Therefore antelopes would be forced to flee thus changing their habitats. All organisms need food for survival. Therefore depletion of food quantity in a certain locality is a biological factor that determines habitats for living organisms. A prolonged dry condition in a certain locality can result in encroachment of desert condition in that geographical locality; this therefore depletes food reservoirs for herbivores thus forcing them to flee to grounds that are food secure. Social factors are also vital as far as species habitation is concern. These factors include: soil types, moisture, availability of sun light and the temperature range. Specific species can survive in areas with a certain temperature range, thus change in this range is likely to evoke migration of that

Globalization and its affects on the State of Maine Research Paper

Globalization and its affects on the State of Maine - Research Paper Example Put simply, globalization is the idea that with trade barriers falling down and connections between countries (such as the internet, cheap and efficient transportation etc.) the location of a product’s consumer and producer no longer need to have a connection to each other. Maine, like virtually every other part of the world, has been significantly affected by globalization. Globalization has had both positive and negative effects on the economy and lifestyles of people living in Maine. On the one hand Maine has been spared many of the out and out relocations of jobs to outside of the state due to the impracticality of relocating those industries that other places, such as Michigan, have had to deal with, while on the other a global market has still driven prices down, hurting manufacturers. These same falling prices, however, have been beneficial to the working class people who are most harmed by jobs moving away. Furthermore most economic theories state that, in the long ter m, Industry Globalization leads to the most efficient distribution of jobs and manufacturing across the planet in terms of money cost. Basically it states that if a job can be done or a product produced for less cost somewhere else than it is currently being done, the job or production moves to that new place. In the case of America, the largest consumer society ever seen in all of history, the calculation usually involves three fundamental principles: cost of labor, location of raw materials, and cost of shipping and production (Bilgin, 2004). America has relatively high labor costs, especially when compared with emerging markets such as China or India, which is what prompts many industries to move away(Bilgin, 2004). Luckily for Maine, however, many of the industries are impractical to move because high shipping and transport costs would more than offset any savings made by reducing labor costs. Maine has a small but important steel industry, for instance (Madar, 2009). This indus try is naturally protected from being moved elsewhere because it has such incredibly low labor costs per ton of steel produced, so even though Chinese steel foundries can often get labor for about ten percent of the cost of labor in Maine, the cost of shipping that steel from China to the consumer market on the east coast of the United States still ends up costing more than steel produced in Maine, with its higher labor costs (Madar, 2009). This same principle holds true for two of Maine’s oldest and most well known industries, the lumber and paper industries. Both of these industries involve moving around an processing incredibly heavy raw materials (wood in both cases) and have very high tonnage of product per unit of labor ratios. This means that they are inherently somewhat protected from the effects of globalization, because taking the raw materials (lumber) from Maine, transporting it to another country for processing then returning it to a consumer market in and around Maine would lead to such amazingly higher cost than just leaving the manufacturing jobs, even with high labor costs, in Maine. Maine’s other ancient and venerable industry, the fishing industry, is likewise protected to a certain degree from globalization by its very nature. The raw materials for Maine’s fishing industry can obviously be found nowhere except off the coast of Maine. While it is possible to by many of

Hocheng Philippines Corporation Essay Example for Free

Hocheng Philippines Corporation Essay Hocheng Philippines Corporation has been well-known for their finest creations of bathroom fixtures and accessories. It has acquired latest high-tech machineries and equipped workforce to provide high-quality porcelain products which is considered to be their main priority. Most of their production relies on these machineries that might result to interruption if there will be some technical problems experienced. Back up plan should be established to at least avoid delay in production. Safety in workplace is essential and should not be neglected by the management. There is a Violation Receipt which is intended for strict compliance with the rules regarding proper attire for safety. Someone noticed to be in violation will be reprimanded. Though, while exploring all the sides of the plant, I saw employees not in their uniforms, only wearing shorts and are topless which maybe is permissible to the management since these specific employees are under casting process. On the other hand, I noticed that there are a lot of ceiling fans that help in fast drying of the clays molded/ceramics that make much of the dust spread in air around the place which requires wearing of masks whenever in the workplace, but none of them wears one. This could be a huge risk in their health. The company must provide a strong policy regarding the implementation of wearing mask every time they are exposed to dust, come up with an excellent way to oblige employees in obeying with the plant instructions for worker protection and inform them about the hazards. Furthermore, there is only a little supervision from the management to its employees in actual testing of the outputs. One of them disclosed that before packing, testing the ‘flush’ should be made, but this is sometimes made randomly, and not for the entire units. There should be someone responsible for ensuring that all products went under testing and that all the employees are doing their jobs, most especially for those employees sleeping during lunch breaks. Someone must be roaming around, to check if none of them does that during work hours. Good thing about the production process is that it is well automated which minimizes human intervention and speeds up the process. But its huge reliance to machines results to possible delay in production if even just one part of it fails to function properly. If the machine crashes or experiences some technical problems, the production will be in halt. Thus, back up equipment or plan should be prepared by the management in case this happens. Sanitation and freshness were well-emphasized by the company. Of course, those are essential and of a great deal to their consumers. As a matter of fact, it was shown in the video that the pans used in baking are regularly and intensively cleaned and how these are cleaned but none was indicated about cleaning the machines used. Dough is not only placed on the pans, these also touch other parts of equipment before reaching the packaging section. It is impossible that these machines will never be subject to dirt, even if it is in a closed area. Therefore, they should find a way to maintain these machines sanitized, cleaning them regularly as possible without affecting the time allotted for the production. Upon observing in a short span of time, though in a limited view, a huge bulk of dough came into my attention. It was at the floor. I have no idea regarding the plan for that filthy dough but most probably, it is not going near our mouth. Hence, it should be segregated to a separate container, clearly emphasizing that it is no longer to be used for production to ensure that confusion will be avoided and that there is no chance of accidentally including it to clean ones. Strength Hocheng Philippines Corporation has been well-known for their finest creations of bathroom fixtures and accessories. It has acquired latest high-tech machineries and equipped workforce to provide high-quality porcelain products which is considered to be their main priority. As what one of the employees said, â€Å"We do not let our product even with just a small slight crack reach our customers. † In fact, all processes have TQC (Total Quality Control). There is QA (Quality Assurance) every month, like an auditing to randomly check if quality requirements are met to have quality-products. It serves as systematic requirement, a comparison with a standard. In addition to this, every certain period, there is four-hour training for skills development of the current employees. Kanban System is implemented in the company. It is a scheduling system for lean and JIT (Just-in-time) production, which has been proven to be a great way for improvement in the entire production. And, there is automation in maintaining/monitoring inventory. To simplify and speed up in updating the inventory level, the company uses barcode. However, for those items that are broken or defective, updating in inventory system is done manually and it is handled by three people, eliminating the possibility of having false information regarding these outputs. HCG uses Proximity scan (through ID) in entering the plant. This improves efficiency and reduces the possibility of deception. Furthermore, check list of materials to be used for casting is prepared by an immediate supervisor and if the materials prepared are found out to be insufficient, the employees themselves will approach a person in charge to have material requisition. Also, there is move ticket to authorize every time there will be transferring of materials. Almost stages in the whole system require documentation. Even for those items that are to be disposed, are being accompanied by appropriate records which help in audit trail purposes.

Rate of Reaction Investigation :: Papers

Rate of Reaction Investigation 2HCL + NA ²S ²O ³ à   + 2NaCL Hydrochloric acid + Sodium thiosulphate à   Sulphur + Sodium chloride + S0 ² + H ²0 + Sulphur dioxide + Water Collision Theory For this experiment we can use the collision theory. Collision theory explains how chemical reactions occur and why rates of reaction differ. When particles collide, they may react. A reaction occurs when particle is facing in the correct direction and the collision has enough energy. If more collisions occur, then the chance of a successful collision is higher. [IMAGE] Aim To investigate the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate using variables. Equipment Sodium Thiosulphates Hydrochloric Acid Title marked with a cross - Then we will know when the reaction has taken place. Measuring cylinder - Measure how much of solution you use each time, so it's a fair test. Beaker - Where the reaction will take place Bunsen burner - How the temperature can increase. Tripod - To place the beaker onto. Stopwatch - Measuring how long the reaction takes place. Thermometer - To measure how hot the mixture is. Factors/ Variables Catalyst - A catalyst is a substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in a reaction. The catalysis works by giving the reacting particles something to stick to where they can collide into each other; this increases the number of collisions. Concentration - If the solution is made more concentrated it means there are more particles of reactant between the important particles are more likely. Temperature - When the temperature is increased the particles all move quicker, if they are moving quicker, they are going to have more collisions. We used a thermometer to control this. Particle size/ surface area - As the particle size decreases the surface area increases. The rate of reaction will increase because the acid can attack from different places.

Electronic Health Record Implementation Health And Social Care Essay

The passage from paper records to electronic wellness records has been a challenge in the province of Mississippi. This research survey will concentrate on electronic wellness record ( EHR ) preparedness of ague attention infirmaries in the province of Mississippi. The survey will turn to the factors associated with execution every bit good as the benefits, barriers and hazards. The survey will besides supply information as to the position of EHR execution in the province of Mississippi. Introduction. The Bush disposal mandated a call to action for the execution of electronic wellness records within a decennary in 2004. Healthcare suppliers were given a timeline for execution and the confidence that the authorities would be an active protagonist. In 2009, the Obama disposal outlined funding in the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act for EHR support. Suppliers must choose a system and seller that is certified by the Certification Commission for Health Information Technology ( CCHIT ) in order to measure up for federal support. With the 2014 deadline looming, some installations have non started the procedure of EHR choice and execution. In 2008, a comparable survey was performed measuring EHR preparedness in the province of Alabama. A self-completed study was mailed to 131 managers in the wellness information direction ( HIM ) section of Alabama infirmaries. Harmonizing to the research provided in the survey, of 91 reacting infirmaries ( 69 per centum response rate ) , merely 12.0 per centum have completed execution of EHRs ( Houser & A ; Johnson, 2008 ) . Background of the Problem. In 2004, President Bush called for widespread acceptance of the EHR within 10 old ages. Traveling from paper to EHRs has been a challenge for many infirmaries and doctors ‘ offices. Although attempts toward EHR execution started about two decennaries ago, the procedure has been slow ( Amatayakul, M. K. , 2007 ) . Harmonizing to a recent study on EHR advancement, the acceptance of EHRs â€Å" is non happening every bit quickly as hoped, † and the U.S. is dawdling in acceptance of EHRs ( Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2006 ; Powell, A. , October 12, 2006 ) . Recent studies suggested that EHR execution was between 17 to 24 per centum in doctors ‘ offices in an ambulatory attention puting ( Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2006 ; A Jha, A. K. , T. G. Ferris, K. Donelan, C. DesRoches, A. Shields, S. Rosenbaum, and D. Blumenthal, October 2006 ) . EHR usage in any format in hospital scenes was estimated to be 20 to 25 per centum, and the usage of computerized physician order entry ( CPOE ) was about 15 per centum ( Blumenthal, D. , March 2006 ) . Compared to urban infirmaries, EHR usage in rural infirmaries was less common ( Bahensky, J. A. , M. Jaana, and M. M. Ward. 2008 ) .Ward ‘s survey indicated that more than 80 per centum of urban infirmaries reported utilizing computing machines to roll up basic clinical information for possible usage in an EHR and CPOE system, while merely 30 to 40 per centum of rural infirmaries were making so ( Ward, M. M. , M. Jaana, J. A. Bahensky, S. Vartak, and D. S. Wakefield,2006 ) . Purpose of Study. The intent of the proposed survey will concentrate on the figure of healthcare organisations in Mississippi that have implemented electronic wellness records. The survey will place barriers and benefits to execution and buttocks preparedness province broad. Significance of Study. A survey done in April 2009 entitled â€Å" Use of Electronic Health Records in U.S. Hospitals † stated that of responses from 63.1 % of infirmaries surveyed, merely 1.5 % of U.S. infirmaries have a comprehensive electronic-records system ( i.e. , present in all clinical units ) , and an extra 7.6 % have a basic system ( i.e. , present in at least one clinical unit ) . Computerized provider-order entry for medicines has been implemented in merely 17 % of infirmaries. Larger infirmaries, those located in urban countries, and learning infirmaries were more likely to hold electronic-records systems. Respondents cited capital demands and high care costs as the primary barriers to execution, although infirmaries with electronic-records systems were less likely to mention these barriers than infirmaries without such systems ( Jha, 2009 ) . The EHR has several distinguishable advantages over paper wellness records. One definite advantage is the fact that there are increasing storage capablenesss for longer periods of clip. Besides, the EHR is â€Å" accessible from distant sites to many people at the same clip â€Å" ( Young 99 ) and retrieval of the information is about immediate. The record is continuously updated and is available at the same time for usage everyplace. Information is instantly accessible at any unit workstation whenever it is needed. Presently the paper record represents â€Å" monolithic atomization of clinical wellness information. † ( Schloeffel et al. 1 ) This non merely causes the cost of information direction to increase but besides â€Å" atomization leads to even greater costs due to its inauspicious effects on current and future patient attention † ( Schloeffel et al. 1 ) . The EHR can besides supply medical qui vives and reminders. EHR systems have some â€Å" constitutional intelligence capablenesss, such as acknowledging unnatural lab consequences, or possible dangerous drug interactions † ( Koeller 11 ) . Research findings back uping diagnostic trials and the EHR â€Å" can associate the clinician to protocols, attention programs, critical waies, literature databases, pharmaceutical information and other databases of health care cognition † ( Young 100 ) . Computer systems should non take the topographic point of doctors ‘ critical judgements nevertheless, â€Å" a well-designed EHR supports accountable liberty, roll uping and circulating information to help the medical professional in determination devising † ( Wellen, Bouchard, and Houston 2 ) . Another benefit to an EHR is that it allows for customized positions of information relevant to the demands of assorted fortes. The EHR is â€Å" far more flexible, leting its users to plan and use coverage formats tailored to their ain particular demands and to form and expose informations in assorted ways † ( Dick, Steen, and Detmer 46 ) . As a direction tool, the EHR can supply information to better hazard direction and appraisal results. Today, reimbursement is based on results hence healthcare organisations â€Å" must seek advanced ways to better quality of attention and results while pull offing costs † ( Dray 3 ) . An EHR can diminish charting clip and charting mistakes, hence increasing the productiveness of health care workers and diminishing medical mistakes due to illegible notes. â€Å" Reduction of medical mistakes is the concern of the populace at big, province legislators, health care suppliers, and many other wellness professionals † ( Waegemann et al. 11 ) . There have been legion narratives about fatal errors happening because of illegible notes written by doctors. EHRs â€Å" address a job that has plagued medical staff really perchance since the first physician put pencil to paper [ aˆÂ ¦ ] ( Dobias 3 ) . Since â€Å" script is natural, and hence hard to alter † ( Dobias 3 ) automated systems can assist extinguish this job. Although some systems may look dearly-won, the additions in efficiency far offset the costs. Chart chasing is eliminated, as is duplicate informations entry of the same information on multiple signifiers. â€Å" Highly paid, skilled clinicians no longer are delayed by the hunt for elusive paper charts, and useable result information becomes available without several yearss of informations digest † ( Wellen, Bouchard, and Houston 3 ) . Financially, the EHR will supply more accurate charge information and will let the suppliers of attention to subject their claims electronically, hence having payment quicker. The patient is even happier, because old information is available so the patient does non hold to go on to supply the same information over and over once more ( Gurley, 2006 ) . The completion of this survey will add to the organic structure of cognition by detailing the grounds for or against partial or full electronic wellness record execution in Mississippi. Chapter 2 – Reappraisal of Literature Reappraisal of the Literature A literature reappraisal for this topic has provided many relevant articles covering the subject of electronic wellness record execution. After choosing articles that were more closely aligned with the range of this research, I examined the mark population ( infirmaries in Mississippi ) , research intent ( designation of factors, barriers, and benefits of execution ) , the differing research methods, the information analysis method, variables, demographics every bit good as sample size. The literature systematically reflects positive benefits of utilizing this engineering. The study survey design was most normally used in the literature and seems to bring forth more measureable consequences. Sample sizes varied depending on the geographic part. The first article was entitled, â€Å" Percepts Sing Electronic Health Record Implementation among Health Information Management Professionals in Alabama: A State-wide Survey and Analysis. † The intents of this survey were to measure the position of execution of EHRs among Alabama infirmaries ; the factors that are associated with EHR execution ; and the benefits of, barriers to, and hazards of EHR implementation.A A self-completed study was mailed to 131 managers in the wellness information direction ( HIM ) section of Alabama infirmaries. Of 91 reacting infirmaries ( 69 per centum response rate ) , merely 12.0 per centum have completed execution of EHRs. The cardinal factor driving electronic wellness record ( EHR ) execution was to better clinical procedures or workflow efficiency. Lack of equal support and resources was the major barrier to EHR execution. Rural infirmaries were less likely to implement EHRs when compared with urban infirmaries ( p = .07 ) . Adoption of EHRs should be evaluated in deepness for infirmaries, and peculiarly for rural infirmaries. Wayss to seek appropriate support and supply equal resources should be explored ( Houser, 2006 ) .A The 2nd article, â€Å" Use of Electronic Health Records in U.S. Hospitals † is sing the usage of electronic wellness records from a national position. The research workers surveyed all ague attention infirmaries that are members of the American Hospital Association for the presence of specific electronic-record functionalities. Using a definition of electronic wellness records based on adept consensus, the research workers determined the proportion of infirmaries that had such systems in their clinical countries. We besides examined the relationship of acceptance of electronic wellness records to specific infirmary features and factors that were reported to be barriers to or facilitators of acceptance ( Jha et.al, 2009 ) . The research workers collaborated with the American Hospital Association ( AHA ) to study all ague attention general medical and surgical member infirmaries. The study was presented as an information engineering addendum to the association ‘s one-year study of members, and like the overall AHA questionnaire, was sent to the infirmary ‘s main executive officer. Hospital main executive officers by and large assigned the most knowing individual in the establishment ( in this instance, typically the main information officer or equivalent ) to finish the study. Non-responding infirmaries received multiple telephone calls and reminder letters inquiring them to finish the study. The study was ab initio mailed in March 2008, and their in-field period ended in September 2008 ( Jha et.al, 2009 ) . The research workers found that less than 2 % of ague attention infirmaries have a comprehensive electronic-records system, and that, depending on the definition used, between 8 and 12 % of infirmaries have a basic electronic-records system. With the usage of the definition that requires the presence of functionalities for doctors ‘ notes and nursing appraisals, information systems in more than 90 % of U.S. infirmaries do non even run into the demand for a basic electronic-records system ( Jha et.al, 2009 ) . These articles focused on information which will turn out to be good as I move frontward with this research undertaking. There is a demand for extra literature hunt in order to study/research extra stuff related to this peculiar survey. Chapter 3 – Methodology Methodology Research Design. The research worker will utilize study research design and analysis. Each HIM manager was sent a validated study comprised of multiple pick and open ended inquiries. The information for the survey will be collected anonymously via study mailed to infirmaries in Mississippi. A random control figure will be assigned to each study and envelope. There will be no linkage to individuality of establishments, merely aggregated informations will be published. Population and Sample Design. The choice of sample size was based on the figure of infirmaries in the province of Mississippi. This survey will measure perceptual experiences sing electronic wellness record execution in assorted types of infirmaries in Mississippi. The sample will be a convenience sample of all HIM managers in the province of MS, consisting all major geographic locations and/or hospital size. Data Collection Procedures. In September, 2010, the research worker mailed self completed studies to infirmaries in Mississippi. Participating installations had 4 hebdomads from the day of the month they received the study to return it in the ego addressed stamped envelope provided. Addresss and contact information for the installations was gathered from the American Hospital Directory, the Mississippi Department of Health, and the Official State of Mississippi web sites. By December 2010, the thesis will be complete and ready for presentation. Research Questions. Each participant was asked inquiries sing demographics alone to their installation. The study inquiries we focused on sensed hazards and benefits of implementing an EHR wholly and in portion. The participants were besides asked inquiries sing their degree of instruction, certificates, and age scope. Profile of Sample Population A missive and ego completed study was mailed to 90 managers of wellness information direction in Mississippi infirmaries. Data Analysis. A quantitative research method will be used as the method of analysis. The information will enable a graded comparing of infirmaries in Mississippi that have non-implemented, partly and to the full implemented electronic wellness records. We will utilize descriptive statistics to supply a sum-up of the informations collected. Chapter 4- Consequences Features of Respondents Of a sum of 46 study respondents, a big bulk ( 96 per centum ) were HIM managers, and the staying respondents ( 4 per centum ) were hospital administrative forces ( Figure 4 ) . 35 of the 46 respondents ( 76 per centum ) were between the ages of 40 and 59, 6 respondents ( 13 per centum ) were 22 to 39, 4 respondents ( 9 per centum ) were over 60, and one participant chose non to react ( Figure 13 ) . 55 per centum ( 25 respondents ) held Registered Health Information Administrator ( RHIA ) certificates, 12 respondents ( 26 per centum ) held Registered Health Information Technician certificates ( RHIT ) , 1 respondent ( 2 per centum ) held Certified Professional Coder ( CPC ) enfranchisements, 4 respondents ( 9 per centum ) were dually certified keeping RHIA certificates and a Certified Coding Specialist ( CCS ) enfranchisement, 1 respondent ( 2 per centum ) held an RHIT certificate and Certified Coding Specialist ( CCS ) enfranchisement, and the staying 3 respondents ( 6 per centum ) chose non to react ( Figure 14 ) . The highest degree of instruction attained by the HIM professionals was besides included in the information aggregation. 61 per centum ( 28 respondents ) had obtained a unmarried man ‘s grade, 26 per centum ( 12 respondents ) had obtained an associate ‘s grade, 5 respondents ( 2 per centum ) had obtained certifications, 1 respondent ( 2 per centum ) had obtained a maestro ‘s grade, 2 respondents ( 4 per centum ) had obtained other grades in topics non related to HIM, and 1 respondent did non take part in this inquiry ( Figure 15 ) . While 28 per centum of the reacting HIM professionals have strong input, another 56 per centum have small or merely some input on determinations sing EHR execution in the infirmary. Eleven per centum of the respondents had no input sing EHR execution. Of the full pool of respondents, there were no HIM Directors or administrative forces who held the concluding decision-making power related to EHR execution in their infirmaries ( Figure 5 ) .A Among these study respondents, 54 per centum of their infirmaries have less than 100 beds, 31 per centum had 100-400 beds, and 13 per centum had more than 100 beds at their installation ( Figure 1 ) . Of the 46 study respondents, 61 per centum were from non profit/not for net income infirmaries while 24 per centum were for net income infirmaries ( Figure 2 ) . Of the respondents, 76 per centum were from rural infirmaries and 20 per centum were in urban countries ( Figure 3 ) . From a sum of 90 possible infirmary respondents, 46 ( 51 per centum ) responded and 44 ( 49 per centum ) did non react. Status of EHR Implementation When asked about the position of EHR execution in their infirmaries, merely 8 ( 17 per centum ) of the 46 study respondents reported that their infirmaries had implemented an EHR system. Twelve infirmaries ( 26 per centum ) of the infirmaries had non implemented an EHR system when the study was conducted, with the staying 26 infirmaries ( 57percent ) being in the execution procedure ( Figure 10 ) .A Of the 8 infirmaries with to the full implemented EHRs, 3 ( 38 per centum ) are in rural countries, 4 ( 50 per centum ) are in urban countries, and 1 did non react to location. All 12 ( 100 per centum ) of the installations without an EHR or any timeline regarding execution are in rural countries. Of the 26 staying installations with EHRs in advancement, 20 ( 77 per centum ) are in rural countries, 5 ( 19 per centum ) are in urban countries, and 1 is in a suburban country. Harmonizing to the informations collected, rural infirmaries are more likely non to hold a timeline for execution. Of those infirmaries who had implemented an EHR system, merely one had completed the procedure before the twelvemonth 2000, and another seven had implemented it between 2000 and 2006. The figure of EHRs implemented between 2000 and 2006 mirrors the statistics reported in a comparative survey completed among HIM professionals in the province of Alabama. Of the 46 respondents, 32 per centum of the infirmaries with enforced EHRs and in execution advancement, want both inmate and outpatient capablenesss for EHR support.A Of the infirmaries that had non implemented or were in the procedure of implementing an EHR system, 30 per centum indicated that they would implement EHRs within a twelvemonth. Another 14 per centum stated that they would implement EHRs in the following two old ages, and 17 per centum of respondents reported that they were non certain when EHR execution would take topographic point ( Figure 10 ) . Factors Driving the Need for EHR Systems When asked â€Å" What factors drive the demand for the EHR systems within your infirmaries? † 36 ( 86 per centum ) of the 46 respondents felt that the two major demands or concerns were to better the quality of health care and the demand to portion patient record information among healthcare professionals ( Figure 6 ) . Other factors were the demand to better clinical procedure or workflow efficiency ( 34 respondents or 74 per centum ) and regulative demands of JCAHO or HCQA ( 22 respondents or 48 per centum ) . When asked â€Å" what is the greatest factor that drives the demand for EHR systems? † the most of import drive factor was to better health care quality ( 33 per centum ) . Benefits of Implementing EHRs The respondents were asked, â€Å" What would be the benefit of implementing the EHR system? † 42 of the respondents ( 91 per centum ) indicated that bettering work flow would be the major benefit of implementing the system ( Figure 7 ) . Some other benefits were stated as cut downing medical mistakes ( 70 per centum ) , and cut downing cost ( 43 per centum ) , cut downing intervention clip ( 17 per centum ) , increasing gross ( 17 per centum ) , and minimising malpractice claims ( 13 per centum ) . The major benefit, as indicated by the respondents, is the betterment of work flow and efficiency. Barriers to Implementing EHRs The figure one perceived barrier for implementing an EHR system was deficiency of equal support and resources ( 39 per centum ) ( Figure 8 ) . 14 respondents in rural countries and 4 in urban countries cited fundss as a major barrier. Some other barriers were deficiency of support from medical staff ( 37percent ) , deficiency of cognition of EHRs ( 33 per centum ) , deficiency of employee preparation ( 28 per centum ) , and deficiency of structured engineering ( 20 per centum ) . Vendor issues and deficiency of corporate organisation and action were besides stated as barriers to EHR execution. The respondents identified the deficiency of equal support as the major barrier to EHR execution. Chapter 5- Conclusions and Recommendations As the deadline for electronic wellness record transition nears, there are still several Mississippi installations that have non begun or completed the execution procedure. Harmonizing to the informations gathered in this study, EHR execution is mostly uncomplete. Merely 17 per centum of the reacting sites have to the full implemented records. Another 57 per centum are in the procedure of implementing and 26 per centum have no clear timeline as to when execution will get down. There are restrictions sing this study. Without the staying 49 per centum of the studies completed and returned, there is no manner to measure the stage of execution at those installations. However, the figure of respondents that did take part indicates the demand for an immediate call to action in order to run into the 2014 end. Educating clinical and administrative staff and parties with vested involvement will help in undertaking the obstructions impeding EHR execution. Nationally, EHR acceptance rates among infirmaries vary widely. Jha ‘s survey reviewed 36 different studies conducted between 1995 and 2005 and recorded a scope between 4 per centum and 21 per centum for execution of computerized patient order entry among infirmaries ( Jha, 2006 ) . The slow advancement of execution can be mostly attributed to fiscal restraints. Lack of support in fiscal resources is the major factor that contributes to fewer Mississippi infirmaries, rural and urban, holding completed EHR execution. In add-on, deficiency of cognition sing EHRs and a deficiency of bargain in from clinical and administrative staff besides play a major portion in the slow execution procedure. While fundss are a hinderance, there are funding chances through federal statute law to back up EHR execution. The American Reinvestment and Recove ry Act ( ARRA ) of 2009 included the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act ( HITECH ) which seeks to better American wellness attention bringing and patient attention through an unprecedented investing in wellness information engineering. The ARRA developed an Electronic Health Record Incentive plan that authorizes the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ( CMS ) to do incentive payments to eligible infirmaries to advance the acceptance and meaningful usage of interoperable certified EHR engineering ( ( IHS Office of Information Technology, 2010 ) . These incentive programs offer funding to healthcare suppliers who implement an EHR that is certified through the Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology ( CCHIT ) . These inducements will countervail the fiscal load of the installations as the passage into an electronic wellness record. HIM professionals play a major function in EHR execution. There is a great demand for persons with cognition and instruction in IT and EHR application and engineering. The 10,000 Trained by 2010 act was introduced in the House of Representatives in 2009 would authorise the National Science Foundation to present grants to establishments of higher instruction to develop and offer instruction and preparation plans. This would include instruction in the field of wellness information sciences. The debut of this measure indicates the turning demand for trained HIM professionals and the built-in portion they will play in EHR transition and execution. In order to accomplish the end of countrywide execution by 2014, there must be a greater push and increased support for health care suppliers. Government statute law and execution inducements are major paces in a positive way but there are still barriers that hinder EHR execution. It is necessary for suppliers to place the hazards, benefits, and factors driving EHR execution in order to cognize where and how to get down the procedure. Increased community consciousness, a good trained work force, support, and support from the clinical and administrative staff are all imperative in the successful execution of electronic wellness record engineering.

Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness Essay

The water hardness for unknown water sample number 40 was determined. From the results of the two complexometric titrations, the water hardness of the unknown sample was calculated to be 250.9 ppm CaCO3, which agrees with the ranges of acceptable water hardness in the city of Phoenix and Tempe Arizona. Introduction When rainfall picks up impurities from the soil, ions of sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, and other metals are dissolved into the water. These impurities are what cause residues left on glassware from the reaction with the soap used for cleaning. Water hardness is from the metal ions with a +2 charge or higher being dissolved into the rainfall. When reporting water hardness, it is reported in units of mg CaCo3/L of solution, or in ppm due to one mg of solute having one millionth of the mass of a liter of water or dilute aqueous solution. It is reported using only CaCo3 because typically, Calcium is the largest contributor to the water hardness. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the concentration of metal ion impurities in an unknown sample of hard water by performing a complexometric titration with EDTA. The results were then compared to the expected range for municipal water hardness from multiple city websites. Methods All procedures from the CHM 152 Lab, Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness (1) were followed precisely. Unknown water sample #40 was mixed with approximately 20 ml of DI water, 3.0 ml of Ammonia/Ammonium Chloride (NH(aq) Buffer pH=10), and 4 drops of Eriochrome Black T indicator solution. It was then titrated with .004197 M EDTA, which was also made in the lab from 0.7582 g of , added to 500 mL of DI water, that was then standardized with a stock Calcium Ion Solution (CaCO(aq) 1.00g/1.00L) by titration. A total of 3 titration trials were completed to find the average molarity of the EDTA, and the average water hardness of unknown water sample #40. All mass measurements were taken from a AND Balance, serial number 12321601 and all titrations were done using a KIMAX buret, #173. Pipet measurements were taken from a 25mL Bel-Art, and 15mL Bel-Art pipet. The numerical techniques used in this experiment were, stoichiometry with mole ratio for calculating the molarity of the EDTA solution and water hardness and relative average absolute deviation in ppt to show how closely the results from the Standardized EDTA titration of each trial agree with each other. Data Analysis Based on the experiment and calculations, the average calculated concentration of metal ion impurities (water hardness) in unknown sample number 40 from this experiment was 250.9 ppm. From table 1, the average molarity of the titrated was calculated to be 0.004197 M. Table 1 The molarity of the EDTA solution for each trial n was calculated as follows: .0.01000 L CaCO3 SolnTotal EDTA Delivered LÃâ€"1.000 g CaCO31 L CaCO3 SolnÃâ€"1 mol CaCO3100.1 g CaCO3Ãâ€"1 mol Na2EDTA1 mol CaCO3=Molarity of Trial n The Average Molarity of the EDTA solution was calculated as follows: Average Molarity of EDTA Solution =Calculated molarity from each trialNumber of titration trials To determine how closely the results of each trial from the Standard Disodium EDTA titration (Table 1) agreed with each other, a relative average absolute deviation calculation was done. It was calculated as follows: Absolute deviation for trial n= Na2EDTA avg molarity-Total Na2EDTA Trial n absolute deviations3Na2EDTA avg molarityÃâ€"1000=Estimated Prescision (ppt) The results of the above calculation came out to be 14.45 ppt. With the expected range of precision being at most five parts per thousand, it has been observed that the molarity of the standard Disodium EDTA solution includes some obvious error. It seems that the observation of color change when Na2EDTA was titrated to the mixture of CaCO3, DI water, Eriochrome Black T, and ammonia/ammonium chloride was the most error prone. Not knowing when to stop titrating the EDTA solution, would have accounted for a misreading of measurement for the total volume of EDTA solution added to complete the titration, making the final molarity for that trial less than what was expected. Table 2 Based on the molarity results from table 1 and the data from table 2, the average calculated water hardness of unknown water sample 40 was calculated to be 250.9 ppm CaCO3. The water hardness of unknown water sample 40 for each individual trial was calculated as follows: =Total EDTA soln Delivered L0.02500 L CaCO3 solnÃâ€"0.004197 mol EDTA1 L EDTA solnÃâ€"1 mol CaCO31 mol EDTAÃâ€"100.1 g CaCO31 mol CaCO3Ãâ€"1000mg1.0 g Average Water Hardness (ppm)≠¡mg CaCO31 L CaCO3 Interpretation of Results Based on the data, the calculated water hardness of the unknown sample number 40 (250.9 ppm), is within range of the city of Phoenix’s calculated range of 164-291 ppm (2) and the city of Tempe’s calculate range of 150-400 ppm (3). References 1. Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness, Procedures, Mesa Community College CHM152LL website, http://www.physci.mc.maricopa.edu/Chemistry/CHM152/index.html, accessed 9/7/2013. 2. City of Phoenix website. http://phoenix.gov/waterservices/quality/index.html, accessed 9/8/2013. Copyright 2013 3. City of Tempe Az website. https://www.tempe.gov/index.aspx?page=1289#Hardness, accessed 9/8/2013. Copyright

Laissez-Faire Essays (2049 words) - Standard Oil, Free Essays

Laissez-Faire Essays (2049 words) - Standard Oil, Free Essays Laissez-Faire The American Civil War fades away. It now appears that a new social unrest has taken root in America. But the debate was to be fought in the economic world. The question was, how should the government interact with business? The issue splits into two main views, that of Laissez-faire, and that of General Welfare. Laissez-faire is a rather straight-forward philosophy. It can be best described by saying that the government should have absolutely no interaction within the business world. These thinkers trust that the governments sole purpose is to protect life and property, and that the role of government should end there. The tree of Laissez-faire has many branches, two of which are classical economics and Social Darwinism. Believers in classical economics base most of their philosophy on mercantilism and its effects. They have no doubt that government interaction with the business world is inept, and can only hurt economic growth. Social Darwinism was a popular belief. It grew from studies of Charles Darwin, and his publication, The Origin of Species. Charles Darwin argued that species had not been created, but had evolved. But most importantly to the philosophy of Social Darwinism, Darwin theorized that evolution takes place by survival of the fittest. It was that idea in s! urvival of the fittest that became the backbone for Social Darwinists. The Social Darwinists believed that the involvement of government in business interfered with the natural selection of those that were best suited to survive.(Lesson14 74) On the other side of the issue was the general welfare state. The philosophy of the general welfare state, called the Social Gospel, was advocated in part by Christians in the United States. They believed that individuality had gone too far and that it was necessary for government involvement. Increased urbanization and industrialization also led to the belief in the general welfare state. It was the opinion of these thinkers that laissez-faire was not the answer to the problems of economics.(Lesson14 74) Laissez-faire may have been a significant step in the evolution of economics to many people, but there were also many silent threats that it carried. Without government protection, big business can exploit the many people that make it work. Such exploitation could be brought about in low wages and poor working conditions, long working hours, and many others. Many believed that government protection was needed to insure fair competition and high standards of morality. In the 1860s oil became more and more essential as an everyday item. Its demand grew dramatically. The main use at that time for oil was kerosene. Kerosene was used in several ways, although its most popular use was in lamps. Crude oil needs to be refined to produce products such as Kerosene. Pennsylvania was the main location that oil refining was done in the 1860s, but times were changing. The Lake Shore Railroad helped Cleveland become one of the new centers for oil refining. It was obvious that the railroads were invaluable to the oil business. In the new refining city of Cleveland, Ohio, a new refining company was created. This company was the Standard Oil Company, owned primarily by John D. Rockefeller.(Lesson16 95) John D. Rockefeller is a legend of the business world. He started a relatively small oil refinery in Cleveland, Ohio in 1870. In just two years, it grew into an enormous monopoly, producing ninety percent of the nations refined oil (Chapter4 15). His business ethics have been hotly debated because of many apparent rebates and other schemes. The Standard Oil Companys success can be attributed to Rockefellers business aptitude. Aside from his great business qualities, the Standard Oil Companys success in the oil industry is because of the secret illegal rebates by the railroads. A rebate in the railroad business is a reduction in shipping fares in exchange for promised use of the railroads services. These rebates were brought about through the South Improvement Company, which was set up in 1872 (Lesson16 96). The South Improvement Company was designed with one mission, to destroy all competition to the Standard Oil Company, and other companies that were part of the South Improvement Company. It was started by several large corporations, including the Standard Oil Company. Rockefeller is reported to have met with other oil businesses and tell them that if they do not join the South Improvement Company, they will be wiped out of business due to the lower shipping rates given to the South Improvement Company (Lesson16 96). Eventually the public